As best books for cyber security become increasingly sophisticated, it’s imperative that employees understand how to spot threats. The most effective cybersecurity awareness topics cover best practices, such as strong password creation and encrypting sensitive data, and include examples of malware, phishing scams and other common threats.

Security awareness training should also teach employees how to recognize the most common social engineering techniques that malicious actors use. These techniques often involve impersonation of a valid client, threatening punishment or using the psychology of influence (scarcity, urgency and reciprocity). Employees should learn how to spot these tactics, as well as be trained on how to avoid becoming a victim.

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Email security is another essential topic for employee knowledge, as it’s the main vehicle for cyberattacks against an organization. The most common attack vector is phishing, which uses an enticing link or attachment to trick employees into downloading malware and exposing confidential information. This is why it’s important for employees to be able to recognize phishing emails and report them to the IT team.

It’s also important to have an incident response plan in place and train employees on how to handle a security breach. This should include steps to minimize damage, limit risk and restore operations as quickly as possible.

Employees should be aware that accessing information is a privilege, and that only those who need it should have “need to know” access. It’s also essential that they understand the importance of safe browsing habits, such as only downloading software from reputable sources and keeping browsers up to date. Physical security is also a critical topic to address, as many attacks take place via propping doors open or tailgating, so it’s important that employees have a good understanding of secure building etiquette and how to protect secure areas.